[URBANTH-L]IRB Conversation
Anwen Tormey
anwen at mac.com
Wed Apr 4 09:43:37 EDT 2007
Hi everyone,
I am no expert on IRB, but its my understanding that the reason in-
class presentations are not required to have IRB permission is
because they will not result in documents that enter the public
domain. In other words, M.A.s and Ph.Ds are 'published' (which
represents greater potential risk for human subjects) and therefore
require IRB.
Thanks everyone for a useful discussion.
a.
On Apr 3, 2007, at 4:20 PM, urbanth-l-request at lists.ysu.edu wrote:
> Send URBANTH-L mailing list submissions to
> urbanth-l at lists.ysu.edu
>
> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
> http://lists.ysu.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/urbanth-l
> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
> urbanth-l-request at lists.ysu.edu
>
> You can reach the person managing the list at
> urbanth-l-owner at lists.ysu.edu
>
> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
> than "Re: Contents of URBANTH-L digest..."
> Today's Topics:
>
> 1. RE: IRB (Deborah Pellow)
> 2. Re: IRB woes - (Mieka Brand)
> 3. IRB and students (Patty Gray)
> 4. Re: IRB woes -
>
>
> As for exceptions: this is interesting, because the IRB make such a
> big
> deal about students getting clearance before doing work with human
> subjects. As it turns out, they no longer require students doing
> interviewing for class projects to hand in an IRB application the
> application (I think because their office is short-handed). I asked
> the
> IRB office if it covers all fields and they said any MA/PhD
> students or
> faculty, in the sciences, social sciences, humanities, and so on,
> doing
> field research are required to do the application.
> =20
> Deborah Pellow
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: urbanth-l-bounces at lists.ysu.edu
> [mailto:urbanth-l-bounces at lists.ysu.edu] On Behalf Of
> gmcdonog at brynmawr.edu
> Sent: Monday, April 02, 2007 1:02 PM
> To: urbanth-l at lists.ysu.edu
> Subject: [URBANTH-L]IRB
>
> Deborah Pellow's comments reminded me of my own doctoral IRB review,
> which
> didn't actually seem to care much about the people involved, but
> insisted
> that my letter had to be in English for work in a non-English speaking
> area. The originals in Castilian and Catalan were sent back....
>
> But this discussion also raises a question that I would like to know
> more
> about from colleagues. I teach in an interdisciplinary undergraduate
> program that deals with issues of both built form and socio-cultural
> issues. Because of the latter interest, ALL of our students need to
> file
> at least initial forms for "low-level" scrutiny on their senior
> thesis.
> In
> the end, we indicate to them that certain kinds of research are
> impossible
> without starting the approval process months in advance (and
> generally,
> I
> have agreed with imposing such limits on undergraduate
> adventures). in
> fact, this has become a good learning opportunity for them to think
> about
> research and responsibility, and we am not sorry that future
> architects
> and planners have been dragged into the discussion. Yet, I am struck
> that
> students in the humanities (and, to be honest, I have never asked
> faculty
> about their own reviews) can adopt "cultural studies" projects
> involving
> interviews and observation in sometimes problematic situations with no
> review whatsoever. Deborah said Syracuse had no exceptions -- does
> this
> apply to the humanities as well? This might also be a point of
> leverage/discussion in terms of the biomedical dominance of so many
> IRB
> boards.
>
> Gary McDonogh
> Professor/Chair
> Program in Growth and Structure of Cities
> Bryn Mawr College
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> URBANTH-L mailing list
> URBANTH-L at lists.ysu.edu
> http://lists.ysu.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/urbanth-l
>
>
>
>
>
> If protecting "human subjects" were a real concern in this process,
> I sus=
> pect we would be having much more enlightened conversations about
> what, p=
> recisely, it is that we are trying to protect (and according to
> who's def=
> initions), and how one might go about achieving such goals.
> Questions ab=
> out 'physical or psychological risks to the participants' would be
> replac=
> ed with terminology that is relevant to the participants themselves
> (not =
> to biomedicine) and might perhaps include attention to 'cultural
> risks' o=
> r to offending--on any level--the people with whom we are interacting.
>
> Most importantly, if IRB was really looking out for the
> participants, the=
> whole question of consent would evolve around ensuring that they
> (partic=
> ipants) actually understand the project and its objectives and are
> willin=
> g to be part of it, rather than on finding ways to obtain physical
> (writt=
> en or recorded) proof that is legally binding. Signing a form that
> in ef=
> fect protects the institution from legal action by participants is,
> in ma=
> ny cases, totally meaningless from the perspective of
> participants. In m=
> ost other cases participants are left with the distinct impression
> (which=
> is correct, in my opinion) that IRB is designed to protect
> everyone *but=
> * themselves.
>
> ------------------------------
> Mieka Brand
> Visiting Assistant Professor
> The College of Wooster
> Department of Sociology and Anthropology
> mbrand at wooster.edu
>
>
>
>>>> "Wolfe, Alvin" <wolfe at cas.usf.edu> 4/2/2007 4:46 PM >>>
> Anne Lewinson put it so well, that 'exempt' does not really mean
> 'exempt,' and that we anthropologists should use our field
> diplomacy to
> convince an ultra-science-oriented reviewer that we are as concerned
> that the 'participants' not be harmed in the research as they are.
> Actually, we might be more concerned, because some of those IRB
> members
> seem more interested in protecting the institution than in protecting
> the 'subjects.'
>
> --Alvin
> Alvin W. Wolfe
> Distinguished University Professor Emeritus
> Department of Anthropology
> 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SOC107
> University of South Florida
> Tampa, FL 33620-8100 813-974-0794
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: urbanth-l-bounces at lists.ysu.edu=20
> [mailto:urbanth-l-bounces at lists.ysu.edu] On Behalf Of Lewinson, Anne
> Sent: Monday, April 02, 2007 9:47 AM
> To: Elzbieta M Gozdziak; Patty A. Gray
> Cc: urbanth-l at lists.ysu.edu=20
> Subject: RE: [SPAM] - Re: [URBANTH-L]IRB woes - Email found in subject
>
> Hello everyone,=20
>
> I would say ditto to everything which has been said so far, and the
> only
> reason I have chimed in is because I'm actually on the IRB at my
> institution (and have been for three or four years), so I have
> developed
> a good bit of familiarity with the process. I want to highlight an
> important distinction which was pointed out, namely that 'exempt'
> doesn't mean that the research doesn't need to be submitted at all to
> the IRB, but rather that it is reviewed at a lower level of scrutiny
> (only one committee member reads it rather than several or the full
> board).=20
>
> Overall, you may need to 'educate' a behavioral/medical
> science-dominated board about the relevant regulations for
> ethnographic
> research, however if done in the right spirit (namely 'we certainly
> want
> to protect the privacy, well-being, and dignity of the participants
> and
> this is how I will make sure my research does so without written
> consent
> for everything...'), it can be an amicable process.=20
>
> Best wishes to all,
>
> Anne
>
> Anne S. Lewinson [alewinson at berry.edu]=20
> Assistant Professor of Anthropology
> Berry College
> 495010 Mount Berry Station
> Mount Berry, GA 30149-5010 USA
> Phone: (706) 236-5094
> Fax: (706) 236-2205
> =20
> =20
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: urbanth-l-bounces at lists.ysu.edu=20
> [mailto:urbanth-l-bounces at lists.ysu.edu] On Behalf Of Elzbieta M
> Gozdziak
> Sent: Sunday, April 01, 2007 6:41 PM
> To: Patty A. Gray
> Cc: urbanth-l at lists.ysu.edu=20
> Subject: [SPAM] - Re: [URBANTH-L]IRB woes - Email found in subject
>
> These are wonderful references. I used them in many of my IRB
> applications. One caveat though, NSF has an 'anthropology program'
> so of
> course they understand better anthropological methodologies and
> ethnographic methods. A multidisciplinary IRB needs more explanation.
> On the other hand, I have learnt a lot from the GU IRB (as well as
> from
> doing multidisciplinary research with collegues from social work,
> psychology, etc.) and would not dream of doing a project without going
> through an IRB process. I have even incorporated IRB exercises in my
> applied and medical anthropology classes because I find that students
> are not exposed to questions of research ethics to the extent that
> they
> should be to enter a workforce.=20
>
> At the SfAAs last week, several of us were talking about organizing a
> session for the following AAAs on ethics and IRBs.
>
> Elzbieta
>
> Elzbieta M. Gozdziak, Ph.D.
> Research Director
> Editor, International Migration
> Georgetown University
> Harris Building
> 3300 Whitehaven St NW
> Suite 3100
> Washington, DC 20007
> Tel: 202-687-2193
> Fax: 202-687-2541
> e-mail: emg27 at georgetown.edu=20
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Patty A. Gray" <ffpag at uaf.edu>
> Date: Saturday, March 31, 2007 9:11 pm
> Subject: [URBANTH-L]IRB woes
>
>> There has been a great deal of discussion on this in recent years
>> - I=20=
>
>> think you will find plenty of support. I would recommend first of
>> all=20=
>
>> the forum in the November 2006 issue of American Ethnologist (Vol.
>> 33,=20=
>
>> No.4, pp.478-548) titled "IRBs, Bureaucratic Regulation, and
>> Academic=20=
>
>> Freedom." I would direct you in particular to the article by
>> Deborah=20=
>
>> Winslow of the National Science Foundation - she demostrates the
>> ways=20=
>
>> that NSF policy supports ethnographic research, which can be
>> useful=20
>> ammunition in the face of an IRB dominated by natural scientists
>> who=20=
>
>> may have difficulty understanding.
>> =20
>> There is also useful discussions of IRB issues in an article by
>> Edward
>
>> Bruner in the January 2004 Anthropology News. His advice is to
>> work=20
>> steadily to educate one's IRB, while remaining cooperative. The
>> goal=20=
>
>> would be to make sure there is at least one social scientist on
>> your=20=
>
>> institution's IRB, and indeed if the IRB is reviewing social
>> science=20=
>
>> protocols, there is a strong case to be made for why social
>> science=20
>> expertise is needed on the board.
>> =20
>> At my institution, we are lucky that we have an IRB that includes=20
>> social scientists and that is very understanding about the nature
>> of=20=
>
>> social science research. I find that I still have to adapt the=20
>> biomedically-oriented IRB application form to my own purposes -
>> many=20=
>
>> questions are simply inappropriate for ethnographic research. In
>> those
>
>> cases, I first explain what question should have been asked, and
>> then=20=
>
>> I answer that question. Often what I am proposing in my
>> application=20
>> exceeds the ethical requirements implied by the original question,=20
>> such as insisting (with careful and patient explanation) that=20
>> requiring signed consent forms in some cases would do harm to
>> research
>
>> "subjects."
>> You are right - most ethnographic studies should be "exempt," i.e.=20
>> subject only to the minimal IRB review.
>> =20
>> Hang in there - you really are not alone, and there are resources
>> you=20=
>
>> can draw upon.
>> =20
>> Patty Gray
>> University of Alaska Fairbanks
>> =20
>> =20
>> 1. IRB vows and woes (Annegret Staiger) I am running into problems=20
>> with our Institutional Review Board for gettingmy research
>> proposal=20
>> approved. My institution, which has no social science faculty on
>> its=20=
>
>> board and is mostly reviewing pscychology, medical and technology=20
>> research proposals, regards participant observation as a research=20
>> method that requires a consentforms and a full IRB proposal. This
>> is=20=
>
>> of course extremely impractical, if not impossible to do when
>> doing=20
>> field research in a natural setting. From colleagues I am hearing=20
>> that theirIRB's are usually providing an exemption for
>> anthropological
>
>> research,unless it deals with vulnerable populations.
>> =20
>> Using this forum, I would like to find out how other
>> anthropologists=20=
>
>> have dealt with their institution's reviewboards and how they have=20
>> managed to not let the IRB stiffle their research.
>> =20
>> Annegret Staiger
>> Clarkson University
>> =20
>> --
>> Dr. Patty A. Gray
>> Assistant Professor
>> Graduate Coordinator
>> Department of Anthropology
>> University of Alaska Fairbanks
>> 312B Eielson Bldg.
>> P.O. Box 757720
>> Fairbanks, AK 99775-7720
>> U.S.A.
>> Tel. (907) 474-6188
>> Fax (907) 474-7453
>> http://www.uaf.edu/anthro
>> http://www.faculty.uaf.edu/ffpag/chukotka.html=20
>> =20
>> =20
>> =20
>> =20
>> _______________________________________________
>> URBANTH-L mailing list
>> URBANTH-L at lists.ysu.edu=20
>> http://lists.ysu.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/urbanth-l=20
>> =20
>
> _______________________________________________
> URBANTH-L mailing list
> URBANTH-L at lists.ysu.edu=20
> http://lists.ysu.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/urbanth-l=20
>
> _______________________________________________
> URBANTH-L mailing list
> URBANTH-L at lists.ysu.edu=20
> http://lists.ysu.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/urbanth-l=20
>
> _______________________________________________
> URBANTH-L mailing list
> URBANTH-L at lists.ysu.edu=20
> http://lists.ysu.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/urbanth-l
>
>
>
>
>
> About undergraduate student research projects: My IRB has what I
> think is
> a good system - I went through a multi-stage online tutorial about the
> history of the Belmont Report and the whole IRB process, and once I
> completed it, I was "certified" by my IRB and had blanket approval
> for all
> student projects carried out in the course of classwork under me.
> In other
> words, they shifted the responsibility to me to assure that what my
> students are doing is in compliance.
>
> Patty Gray
>
>
>> Send URBANTH-L mailing list submissions to
>> urbanth-l at lists.ysu.edu
>>
>> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
>> http://lists.ysu.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/urbanth-l
>> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
>> urbanth-l-request at lists.ysu.edu
>>
>> You can reach the person managing the list at
>> urbanth-l-owner at lists.ysu.edu
>>
>> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
>> than "Re: Contents of URBANTH-L digest..."
>> Today's Topics:
>>
>> 1. RE: [SPAM] - Re: [URBANTH-L]IRB woes - Email found in subject
>> (Lewinson, Anne)
>> 2. IRB woes (Patty Gray)
>> 3. IRB
>> 4. clarification IRB at my school (Kathy Nadeau)
>> 5. Re: IRB woes (Lisa Maya Knauer)
>> 6. RE: IRB woes / news from Canada (Radice, Martha)
>> _______________________________________________
>> URBANTH-L mailing list
>> URBANTH-L at lists.ysu.edu
>> http://lists.ysu.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/urbanth-l
>>
>
>
> --
> Dr. Patty A. Gray
> Assistant Professor
> Department of Anthropology
> University of Alaska Fairbanks
> 310 Eielson Bldg.
> Fairbanks, AK 99775
> tel (907) 474-6188
> fax (907) 474-7453
> http://www.faculty.uaf.edu/ffpag/
>
>
>
>
>
> http://www.ncf.edu/orps/index.html
>
> Click on Institutional Review Board to see the details. There is a
> category "Ethnographic Research," and here is a detail from the
> "Frequently Asked Questions" page:
>
> "we are asked many questions regarding anthropological and
> ethnographic research. The American Anthropological Association
> has adopted a statement on Ethnography and IRB review. It is well
> worth the read.
> http://www.aaanet.org/stmts/irb.htm.
>
> Good luck. We have found that overall, the IRB process has improved
> the quality of research on our campus. Maria Vesperi
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
>> From: "Wolfe, Alvin" <wolfe at cas.usf.edu>
>> Sent: Apr 2, 2007 3:46 PM
>> To: urbanth-l at lists.ysu.edu, "Lewinson, Anne"
>> <alewinson at berry.edu>, Elzbieta M Gozdziak <emg27 at georgetown.edu>,
>> "Patty A. Gray" <ffpag at uaf.edu>
>> Subject: Re: [URBANTH-L]IRB woes -
>>
>> Anne Lewinson put it so well, that 'exempt' does not really mean
>> 'exempt,' and that we anthropologists should use our field
>> diplomacy to
>> convince an ultra-science-oriented reviewer that we are as concerned
>> that the 'participants' not be harmed in the research as they are.
>> Actually, we might be more concerned, because some of those IRB
>> members
>> seem more interested in protecting the institution than in protecting
>> the 'subjects.'
>>
>> --Alvin
>> Alvin W. Wolfe
>> Distinguished University Professor Emeritus
>> Department of Anthropology
>> 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SOC107
>> University of South Florida
>> Tampa, FL 33620-8100 813-974-0794
>>
>>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: urbanth-l-bounces at lists.ysu.edu
>> [mailto:urbanth-l-bounces at lists.ysu.edu] On Behalf Of Lewinson, Anne
>> Sent: Monday, April 02, 2007 9:47 AM
>> To: Elzbieta M Gozdziak; Patty A. Gray
>> Cc: urbanth-l at lists.ysu.edu
>> Subject: RE: [SPAM] - Re: [URBANTH-L]IRB woes - Email found in
>> subject
>>
>> Hello everyone,
>>
>> I would say ditto to everything which has been said so far, and
>> the only
>> reason I have chimed in is because I'm actually on the IRB at my
>> institution (and have been for three or four years), so I have
>> developed
>> a good bit of familiarity with the process. I want to highlight an
>> important distinction which was pointed out, namely that 'exempt'
>> doesn't mean that the research doesn't need to be submitted at all to
>> the IRB, but rather that it is reviewed at a lower level of scrutiny
>> (only one committee member reads it rather than several or the full
>> board).
>>
>> Overall, you may need to 'educate' a behavioral/medical
>> science-dominated board about the relevant regulations for
>> ethnographic
>> research, however if done in the right spirit (namely 'we
>> certainly want
>> to protect the privacy, well-being, and dignity of the
>> participants and
>> this is how I will make sure my research does so without written
>> consent
>> for everything...'), it can be an amicable process.
>>
>> Best wishes to all,
>>
>> Anne
>>
>> Anne S. Lewinson [alewinson at berry.edu]
>> Assistant Professor of Anthropology
>> Berry College
>> 495010 Mount Berry Station
>> Mount Berry, GA 30149-5010 USA
>> Phone: (706) 236-5094
>> Fax: (706) 236-2205
>>
>>
>>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: urbanth-l-bounces at lists.ysu.edu
>> [mailto:urbanth-l-bounces at lists.ysu.edu] On Behalf Of Elzbieta M
>> Gozdziak
>> Sent: Sunday, April 01, 2007 6:41 PM
>> To: Patty A. Gray
>> Cc: urbanth-l at lists.ysu.edu
>> Subject: [SPAM] - Re: [URBANTH-L]IRB woes - Email found in subject
>>
>> These are wonderful references. I used them in many of my IRB
>> applications. One caveat though, NSF has an 'anthropology program'
>> so of
>> course they understand better anthropological methodologies and
>> ethnographic methods. A multidisciplinary IRB needs more explanation.
>> On the other hand, I have learnt a lot from the GU IRB (as well as
>> from
>> doing multidisciplinary research with collegues from social work,
>> psychology, etc.) and would not dream of doing a project without
>> going
>> through an IRB process. I have even incorporated IRB exercises in my
>> applied and medical anthropology classes because I find that students
>> are not exposed to questions of research ethics to the extent that
>> they
>> should be to enter a workforce.
>>
>> At the SfAAs last week, several of us were talking about organizing a
>> session for the following AAAs on ethics and IRBs.
>>
>> Elzbieta
>>
>> Elzbieta M. Gozdziak, Ph.D.
>> Research Director
>> Editor, International Migration
>> Georgetown University
>> Harris Building
>> 3300 Whitehaven St NW
>> Suite 3100
>> Washington, DC 20007
>> Tel: 202-687-2193
>> Fax: 202-687-2541
>> e-mail: emg27 at georgetown.edu
>>
>> ----- Original Message -----
>> From: "Patty A. Gray" <ffpag at uaf.edu>
>> Date: Saturday, March 31, 2007 9:11 pm
>> Subject: [URBANTH-L]IRB woes
>>
>>> There has been a great deal of discussion on this in recent years
>>> - I
>>> think you will find plenty of support. I would recommend first of
>>> all
>>> the forum in the November 2006 issue of American Ethnologist (Vol.
>>> 33,
>>> No.4, pp.478-548) titled "IRBs, Bureaucratic Regulation, and
>>> Academic
>>> Freedom." I would direct you in particular to the article by Deborah
>>> Winslow of the National Science Foundation - she demostrates the
>>> ways
>>> that NSF policy supports ethnographic research, which can be useful
>>> ammunition in the face of an IRB dominated by natural scientists who
>>> may have difficulty understanding.
>>>
>>> There is also useful discussions of IRB issues in an article by
>>> Edward
>>
>>> Bruner in the January 2004 Anthropology News. His advice is to work
>>> steadily to educate one's IRB, while remaining cooperative. The goal
>>> would be to make sure there is at least one social scientist on your
>>> institution's IRB, and indeed if the IRB is reviewing social science
>>> protocols, there is a strong case to be made for why social science
>>> expertise is needed on the board.
>>>
>>> At my institution, we are lucky that we have an IRB that includes
>>> social scientists and that is very understanding about the nature of
>>> social science research. I find that I still have to adapt the
>>> biomedically-oriented IRB application form to my own purposes - many
>>> questions are simply inappropriate for ethnographic research. In
>>> those
>>
>>> cases, I first explain what question should have been asked, and
>>> then
>>> I answer that question. Often what I am proposing in my application
>>> exceeds the ethical requirements implied by the original question,
>>> such as insisting (with careful and patient explanation) that
>>> requiring signed consent forms in some cases would do harm to
>>> research
>>
>>> "subjects."
>>> You are right - most ethnographic studies should be "exempt," i.e.
>>> subject only to the minimal IRB review.
>>>
>>> Hang in there - you really are not alone, and there are resources
>>> you
>>> can draw upon.
>>>
>>> Patty Gray
>>> University of Alaska Fairbanks
>>>
>>>
>>> 1. IRB vows and woes (Annegret Staiger) I am running into problems
>>> with our Institutional Review Board for gettingmy research proposal
>>> approved. My institution, which has no social science faculty on its
>>> board and is mostly reviewing pscychology, medical and technology
>>> research proposals, regards participant observation as a research
>>> method that requires a consentforms and a full IRB proposal. This is
>>> of course extremely impractical, if not impossible to do when doing
>>> field research in a natural setting. From colleagues I am hearing
>>> that theirIRB's are usually providing an exemption for
>>> anthropological
>>
>>> research,unless it deals with vulnerable populations.
>>>
>>> Using this forum, I would like to find out how other anthropologists
>>> have dealt with their institution's reviewboards and how they have
>>> managed to not let the IRB stiffle their research.
>>>
>>> Annegret Staiger
>>> Clarkson University
>>>
>>> --
>>> Dr. Patty A. Gray
>>> Assistant Professor
>>> Graduate Coordinator
>>> Department of Anthropology
>>> University of Alaska Fairbanks
>>> 312B Eielson Bldg.
>>> P.O. Box 757720
>>> Fairbanks, AK 99775-7720
>>> U.S.A.
>>> Tel. (907) 474-6188
>>> Fax (907) 474-7453
>>> http://www.uaf.edu/anthro
>>> http://www.faculty.uaf.edu/ffpag/chukotka.html
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> URBANTH-L mailing list
>>> URBANTH-L at lists.ysu.edu
>>> http://lists.ysu.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/urbanth-l
>>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> URBANTH-L mailing list
>> URBANTH-L at lists.ysu.edu
>> http://lists.ysu.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/urbanth-l
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> URBANTH-L mailing list
>> URBANTH-L at lists.ysu.edu
>> http://lists.ysu.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/urbanth-l
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> URBANTH-L mailing list
>> URBANTH-L at lists.ysu.edu
>> http://lists.ysu.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/urbanth-l
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> URBANTH-L mailing list
> URBANTH-L at lists.ysu.edu
> http://lists.ysu.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/urbanth-l
More information about the URBANTH-L
mailing list